Children’s Book Club: “Frederick”

The human soul needs actual beauty more than bread.”
— D.H. Lawrence

I’ve been teaching The Joy of Poetry this fall at our local Episcopal church, and for week 1, I brought a copy of Frederick to read aloud. A dozen people sat around a couple of long tables in the fellowship hall and listened while I read and showed the pictures. One man looked enchanted. Several people smiled. At the end, two women wiped away tears.

I did not grow up with this book. A friend gave me a collection of Leo Lionni’s stories for my children. We read them and liked them, but we weren’t over the moon about them. Then in the spring of 2015, when I was rewriting the manuscript for what would become The Joy of Poetry, I suddenly thought of dear old Frederick, gathering words for dark, cold days.

I was finally ready for the story. Sometimes children’s books don’t woo us the first time. Sometimes it takes decades for us to fall in love.

Frederick was published in 1967. The biography on the jacket of the hardback edition tells us Lionni was born in Holland and was a self-taught artist who learned to draw by copying the works of the masters in Amsterdam. (Not a bad way to learn.) In 1984, he received the American Institute of Graphic Arts Gold Medal. He won four Caldecott Honor awards, and Frederick is one of them. Why didn’t Frederick win the Caldecott in 1968, when it was eligible? I don’t know — awards are strange things. What won that year was Drummer Hoff by Barbara Emberley, illustrated by Ed Emberley. I do know Frederick’s words and colors and warmth have nourished generations as surely as they nourished the four little field mice warm in their stone wall den. When asked where he got his ideas, Lionni answered, “And so, to the question ‘How do you get your ideas?’ I am tempted to answer, unromantic though it may sound, ‘Hard work.’”

The jacket cover describes Frederick this way: “Here is the fable of Frederick, the dreamer and poet, whose endless store of supplies warms the hearts of his fellow field mice and feeds their spirits during the coldest, darkest days of winter.” Yes, that description feels like a fable — simple, straightforward, essentially a story that is an extended prose poem, along with illustrations in the form of collage. That means, dear readers, look for the shapes. That rock looks like a peppermint candy. Those leaves look like stars. How does Lionni draw ants in such a way that they look happy? How is it possible to convey so many different emotions through mouse eyes that are basically two concentric circles?

When I read this book to my class, in a town founded by German immigrants whose descendants still value hard work, I became aware that in the early pages of the book, Frederick could be viewed as a shirker. All the other mice “began to gather corn and nuts and wheat and straw. They all worked day and night. All—except Frederick.” On each page, he’s sitting by himself, eyes partially or completely closed. On one page his back is turned.

“Frederick, why don’t you work?” they asked.
“I do work,” said Frederick.
“I gather sun rays for the cold dark winter days.

Part of me wants to roll my eyes. Ah, but Lionni is wiser than I. (He should be; he earned a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Genoa.) He knows there is more to commerce than what we can carry and store in stone dens.

Frederick does not reveal his treasures at the beginning of winter. He allows the mice to eat their nuts and tell their tales “of foolish foxes and silly cats.” He lets them get hungry.

But little by little they had nibbled up
most of the nuts and berries, the straw was
gone, and the corn was only a memory.
It was cold in the wall
and no one felt like chatting.

Before he shares with his hungry fellows, Frederick waits to be asked: “What about your supplies, Frederick?” they asked. Only then does he share his warmth, colors, and words. Now it’s the field mice who have their eyes closed and who eventually turn their backs to the reader to listen and ponder. And it is Frederick whose eyes are open, who speaks “as if from a stage.” Here is the poem he’s been storing:

Who scatters snowflakes? Who melts the ice?
Who spoils the weather? Who makes it nice?
Who grows the four-leaf clovers in June?
Who dims the daylight? Who lights the moon?

Four little field mice who live in the sky.
Four little field mice … like you and I.

One is the Springmouse who turns on the showers.
Then comes the Summer who paints in the flowers.
The Fallmouse is next with walnuts and wheat.
And Winter is last … with little cold feet.

Aren’t we lucky the seasons are four?
Think of a year with one less … or one more!

I’d prefer to end the poem with “little cold feet,” but whatever. The poem gives us a fable within the larger fable of the story. On our level, Frederick answers the question, Where do seasons come from? On another level, the question is, Why do hard times come? The answer is, It’s a cycle, we have what we need, and this too shall pass.

There’s another, larger, colder, darker winter happening that serves as the background for this tale. The first page contains no mice, just this sentence: “All along the meadow where the cows grazed and the horses ran, there was an old stone wall.” These mice are all that’s left of a once-prosperous farm: “But the farmers had moved away, the barn was abandoned, and the granary stood empty.” Lionni shows us that there are economic cycles as well as meteorological ones, just as our personal lives cycle through seasons. We harvest now, knowing someday we might need our own words. Or someone else might.

Which is why it’s good to be a poet (or a painter or a woodworker or a musician) — someone who stores beauty to share later. There are days when I feel like being a creative person requires too much work, too much care and feeding when compared with regular humans. But it’s not only for me that I take the time to half-close my eyes, my face toward the hummingbirds feasting on my Turk’s cap bushes. I do it so I can take up my pencil and write in my notebook. And later, in a different season, when I share about those red blooms and the whirr of those wings and someone says, You are a poet, then, like Frederick, I can shyly accept the compliment.

The last page of the book is the only time we see Frederick’s full face. He’s standing on a stone, blushing and smiling. One hand is behind his back, and the other covers his mouth. He knows his work is as valuable as everyone else’s.
_______________

Other children’s books about finding and sharing beauty

Aesop’s Fables: A Pop-Up Book, Agnese Baruzzi (if you need more fables in your life, which you do)

The Mixed-Up Chameleon, Eric Carle

Olivia Saves the Circus, Ian Falconer

Possum’s Harvest Moon, Anne Hunter

Swimmy, Leo Lionni (don’t you want to read more Lionni?)

Lentil, Robert McCloskey

The next Children’s Book Club will meet Friday, November 10: We will read Eggday by Joyce Dunbar, illustrated by Jane Cabrera. Because we all need to laugh.

Photo by Tom Bech, Creative Commons, via Flickr. Post by Megan Willome, author of The Joy of Poetry.

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Megan Willome

Author, Editor at Tweetspeak Poetry

Megan Willome is the author of The Joy of Poetry: How to Keep, Save & Make Your Life With Poems, and loves to introduce poetry to people who think poetry is for other people. At Tweetspeak, she reviews books, interviews poets, and teaches workshops. She also writes for the WACOAN magazine and the Fredericksburg Standard Radio Post. Her day is incomplete without poetry and tea.

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